THE COMPLETE GUIDE ON SCIENCE OF AVIATION AND FLIGHT
The science of aviation and flight are noticeable in our daily activities in life. as we might not consciously observe the exhibition of the science of aviation and flight daily which may include throwing a piece of paper, travelling amongst others. these are practical experiment of how the sciences of aviation and flight are applicable in most of our activities.
The science of aviation and flight was excavated into
nature as it became a quest in humans to fly at all times. aircraft were designed to operate in agreement with the principles of nature for its establishment. The wright brothers came up with a satisfiable idea for
flight based operations which has been modified through further studies and carried out researches. Soon, as advancement in technology shifts on the
increase, A device will be implemented with less impact consideration, initiated into life in which human can fit into, insert necessary details including his destination,
current location and other required values. And he/she arrives his destination
in less than couple of minutes regardless his distance of destination. Its
description is anonymous to principle of disappearance and re-appearance. This
is applicable to any distance movement with same arrival time duration. Someone
can fit into the device travelling from Nigeria to America and he/she arrives the same duration with someone who decides to travel from Nigeria to
Spain or whatever location but the idea is, it doesn’t exceeds the duration its
assigned to travel regardless the destination distance.
Principle of Science of Aviation and Flight
The science of aviation and flight is aided by air. the earth is filled with trillions of trillion air particles, we cannot see the air but its impact can be felt. For any object to fly in the air, it must possess
the following characteristics
- Streamlined body shape.
- Wing attachment (The wings might be replaced as soon as more advancement in technology burst out).
The Wing of the
aircraft allows it to be lifted into the air. In general, there are four forces
that oppositely counterpart each other in flights. Failure in one of these
force can lead to an uncontrolled flight movement which can cause serious
damage to the aircraft as well as the lives on board, These four
forces that makes up the science of aviation and flight includes lift, weight, thrust
and drag.
LIFT
The lift is a
force that carries the whole weight of the aircraft into the air.its the opposite of the weight force. The wings of the aircraft generates lift. It’s
designed in such a way that it’s adjustable in an upward and downward motioned
movement. The shape of the wing is like an air foil. Lift is a function of two
things, the airspeed and the angle of attack. Air passes above and beneath the
wings of the aircraft to generate lift base on two principles.
Bernoulli’s principle:
Bernoulli revealed the science of aviation and flight as
the aircraft experiences acceleration, air tends to pass through the above and
beneath part of the wing, the wing consist of two edges, The leading edge
(front edge) and the trailing edge (back
edge). When you increase the velocity of the aircraft as indicated in the
airspeed indicator, The air that passes through the above part of the wing
travels more faster because it has a longer distance to travel than the air
that travels downward part of the wing, thus a negative pressure is created, whereas
the air that passes through the downward part of the wing creates a positive
pressure. These two pressure that’s been created together combines to form a
lift force that’s gets the aircraft into the air. Some terms to take note of when analysing the
wing of the aircraft are:
- Angle Of Attack : The angle between the chord line of the wing and the wind relative wind.
- Leading Edge: This is the front edge of the wing that has a back c-shaped design.
- Trailing Edge: This is the tail section of the wing has a v side shape.
- The chord line: The line that passes through the middle of the leading edge to the trailing edge from your imagination.
- Relative wind: The wind acting directly opposite the aircraft movement.
- Stall: it occurs when the angle of attack is exceeded. The angle of attack pilots makes use of ranges from 17- 20 degrees. And the wing no longer produces lift when it’s exceeded because the airflow across the wing is disrupted. To recover from a stall push the yoke in the cockpit forward. This pushes nose forward and reduce the angle of attack.
Newton’s law
Newton reveals the science of aviation and flight as, as the relative wind comes in contact with the aircraft wing, it bounce s back thus hence making
the large tonne weight of the aircraft be lifted into the air. As the speed increases, little amount of lift is been generated on the wing. The
wing can be adjusted in position capable of creating a particular lift force.
This adjustable position as explained earlier is known as angle of attack.
When the wing is
extended beyond the normal angle of attack the aircraft tends to stall. A
stall is a point where the wing is no more generating lift and can hence drop
down from the sky. Pilots are been warned against the extension of the wing to
this limit. The wing also consist of some attachment device which includes the
aileron, the flaps and slats which would be discussed in further lessons. All these attachment aids to modify the kind
or nature of lift force needed for the aircraft. Opposing the lift force is the
weight.
Weight
The weight of the aircraft is capable of
bringing down the aircraft. It’s the opposite of lift. In this scenario, we can
conclusively say that the weight force is used by the pilot to land the
aircraft when it’s applied measurably. After construction of the aircraft is
done, the total weight of the aircraft is determined so as to enable the pilot
determine its take-off speed and other requirement. The force of weight acts on
every object that have its way to the sky.
Thrust
The thrust
generates forward movement for the aircraft. It’s provided by the engines in
the propeller. The pilot uses the throttle in the cockpit to vary the speed of
the aircraft. Pushing the throttle forward, the aircraft speed increases. An
aircraft can fly on one engine if the other encounters a failure during flight.
But the controls applied has to be varied so as not to over-stress the aircraft
on one side.
Drag
This is the
force provided due to air resistance on the air-plane. If you pull the power
back measurably, drag is going to be greater than thrust. And the air-plane
speed will reduce. A point where the thrust and drag will be equal, we can say
the plane no longer accelerates.
Flight Analysis
Mathematically,
let the following letters represent the under listed force:
Lift = l, Weight=
w= mg, Thrust = t, Drag =d
On the tarmac,
when the aircraft is not accelerating, we can say conclusively say Lift (l)
=weight (w), (Drag (d) = thrust (t)
During taxi to
the runway, Lift (l) = weight (w), thrust (t) > drag (d).
During take-off,
thrust (t) >drag (d), lift(l) > weight (w) varies measurably.
In the sky, on a
level flight, lift = weight, thrust > drag (d) according to the airspeed.
The airspeed is measured in knots from the airspeed indicator. It tell how fast
the aircraft moves in the air.
The science of aviation and flight are the basic necessities for anyone who finds aviation to be his choice field before proceeding to enrolment in a ground school.
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